Chapter 14 Footnotes
[1] Zechariah 14:4
[2] Acts 1:10-12
[3] verse 4
[4] Hebrews 12:22
[5] Revelation 14:4
[6] See Leviticus 23:40.
[7] Revelation 12:13-17
[8] Zechariah 12:10
[9] Revelation 8:13
[10] Matthew 24:14
[11] It is worth noting that the proclamation of the three woes (though not the woes themselves) were also annunciatory.
[12] Revelation 13:15
[13] See chapters 17 and 18.
[14] Revelation 18:2
[15] Revelation 18:4
[16] Revelation 18:4
[17] Or give homage to.
[18] Revelation 19:3
[19] See chapter 11.
[20] Some have said that believing in a post-tribulation Rapture means that we are not watching for Christ’s return but for the appearance of the Antichrist. That, of course, is exactly correct. By no less an authority than Christ himself we are told to watch for the Antichrist to be sure the time has come: Matthew 24:15.
[21] Ultimate except for the brief rebellion at the end of the Millennium (Revelation 20:7-10).
[22] “basanizo” carries with it not only the idea of torment but of torture. It also carries the implication of testing, since the root word means a touchstone. It might be possible, therefore, to take the smoke as eternal but not the torment, or to take the torment as having some purpose other than retribution, but it seems safer to take the scripture at its literal meaning.
[23] Revelation 18:1
[24] 1 Peter 2:20b
[25] where, however, it may be that the division here is between Christ himself and his followers, rather than between Jewish and gentile believers.
[26] Revelation 6:9-11
[27] e.g. Matthew 8:30, 16:13, Mark 9:12, Luke 12:8
[28] Job 25:6, Psalms 8:4, Psalms 144:3, Psalms 146:3, Isaiah 51:12, for example.
[29] Those who see a pre-Wrath or a mid-Tribulation Rapture of the Church find support in these verses.
[30] It is possible, though unlikely, that Revelation 18:4 is not a warning to believers of the last days, but to believers of all ages.
[31] Matthew 24:16ff
[32] Revelation 6:9-11
[33] e.g. Revelation 14:10. At this point in the narrative “thumos”, here translated “fury”, replaces “orgay” (anger) as the primary descriptor of the period.
[34] Revelation 16:19, 19:15
[35] Revelation 6:10
[36] Revelation 6:11.
[37] Daniel 9:27
[38] Daniel 7:25
[39] Revelation 13:5
[40] ibid.
[41] Revelation 11:15
[42] Daniel 12:11
[43] Matthew 24:22
[44] Isaiah 8:6-8
[45] Isaiah 62:8
[46] Isaiah 62:11
[2] Acts 1:10-12
[3] verse 4
[4] Hebrews 12:22
[5] Revelation 14:4
[6] See Leviticus 23:40.
[7] Revelation 12:13-17
[8] Zechariah 12:10
[9] Revelation 8:13
[10] Matthew 24:14
[11] It is worth noting that the proclamation of the three woes (though not the woes themselves) were also annunciatory.
[12] Revelation 13:15
[13] See chapters 17 and 18.
[14] Revelation 18:2
[15] Revelation 18:4
[16] Revelation 18:4
[17] Or give homage to.
[18] Revelation 19:3
[19] See chapter 11.
[20] Some have said that believing in a post-tribulation Rapture means that we are not watching for Christ’s return but for the appearance of the Antichrist. That, of course, is exactly correct. By no less an authority than Christ himself we are told to watch for the Antichrist to be sure the time has come: Matthew 24:15.
[21] Ultimate except for the brief rebellion at the end of the Millennium (Revelation 20:7-10).
[22] “basanizo” carries with it not only the idea of torment but of torture. It also carries the implication of testing, since the root word means a touchstone. It might be possible, therefore, to take the smoke as eternal but not the torment, or to take the torment as having some purpose other than retribution, but it seems safer to take the scripture at its literal meaning.
[23] Revelation 18:1
[24] 1 Peter 2:20b
[25] where, however, it may be that the division here is between Christ himself and his followers, rather than between Jewish and gentile believers.
[26] Revelation 6:9-11
[27] e.g. Matthew 8:30, 16:13, Mark 9:12, Luke 12:8
[28] Job 25:6, Psalms 8:4, Psalms 144:3, Psalms 146:3, Isaiah 51:12, for example.
[29] Those who see a pre-Wrath or a mid-Tribulation Rapture of the Church find support in these verses.
[30] It is possible, though unlikely, that Revelation 18:4 is not a warning to believers of the last days, but to believers of all ages.
[31] Matthew 24:16ff
[32] Revelation 6:9-11
[33] e.g. Revelation 14:10. At this point in the narrative “thumos”, here translated “fury”, replaces “orgay” (anger) as the primary descriptor of the period.
[34] Revelation 16:19, 19:15
[35] Revelation 6:10
[36] Revelation 6:11.
[37] Daniel 9:27
[38] Daniel 7:25
[39] Revelation 13:5
[40] ibid.
[41] Revelation 11:15
[42] Daniel 12:11
[43] Matthew 24:22
[44] Isaiah 8:6-8
[45] Isaiah 62:8
[46] Isaiah 62:11
