Chapter 17 Footnotes
[1] Revelation 16:17
[2] See Appendix 3 “The Beasts of Revelation”
[3] Revelation 17:15
[4] This is another place where the symbolism concerning the Antichrist can be difficult and confusing. We are told that the Beast ridden by the Great Prostitute is also a “king”, indeed the head of the final Beast empire. So, in this sense the Beast from the Sea in Chapter 13 and the mount of the Prostitute are the same thing, the Antichrist. But while the Beast from the Sea is only the Antichrist, the mount of the Prostitute is the Antichrist as “one of” the Beast empires that preceded him, in other words as seen in the context of history.
[5] Revelation 4:1
[6] Revelation 21:9
[7] Revelation 19:7-8
[8] e.g. Leviticus 17:7, 20:4-5, Jeremiah 3:9, Hosea 4:12. See especially Ezekiel 16 and 23.
[9] Ezekiel 16:28-29
[10] Deuteronomy 23:17, 1 Kings 14:24
[11] Revelation 14:6-13
[12] Revelation 17:18
[13] Revelation 17:4
[14] See, for example, Matthew 19:9 where “porneia” is the grounds for divorce and any other grounds is “moichao” (variant of “moicheia”).
[15] This is not to say there won’t be apostate churches in the last days. See for example 1 Timothy 4:1.
[16] Revelation 12:3
[17] Proverbs 21:31
[18] Exodus 26:1
[19] Isaiah 1:18
[20] James 2:6
[21] Metaphorically referring to Idolatry or idolatrous.
[22] Revelation 16:19
[23] Revelation 16:19
[24] Revelation 18:3
[25] Revelation 17:7
[26] Mathew 13:21 where “secrets” translates the Greek “musterion”, the word translated here as “mystery”.
[27] Colossians 2:2
[28] Romans 16:25, 1 Corinthians 2:7
[29] 1 Corinthians 15:51
[30] Ephesians 1:9
[31] Ephesians 3:6
[32] 1 Thessalonians 2:7 (secret translates “musterion”).
[33] “βδέλυγμα”.
[34] Luke 16:15, Revelation21:27
[35] Matthew 24:15
[36] “shiqquts”, the Hebrew word translated abomination, nearly always refers to idols in the OT. This makes it likely that the “abomination that causes desolation” will be an idol. It is curious to note that practically the only place where “shiqquts” does not refer to idols is in Nahum’s lengthy prophecy concerning Nineveh, where it means “filth” (Nahum 3:6). The Prostitute’s cup is variously said to contain abominations and filth.
[37] Daniel 9:27
[38] Revelation 18:4
[39] Revelation 13:1
[40] “Kai” is the Greek word used by the SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT)
[41] The definition of holy “set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred” Strong’s Greek Lexicon.
[42] Revelation 13:18
[43] Revelation 17:12
[44] This probably says better than anything else what all this means. The beast is itself a king (or empire) while its own seven heads are seven more kings.
[45] Revelation 19:20
[46] Daniel 2:31-45
[47] Daniel 2:34
[48] Daniel 11:4
[49] His name means God made manifest.
[50] Revelation 17:8
[51] Daniel 2:40-45
[52] Daniel 7:4
[53] Daniel 7:5
[54] Daniel 7:6
[55] Revelation 17:12
[56] For a more complete description of the Beasts reference Appendix 3: The Beasts of Revelation.
[57] Revelation 13:1. See also Appendix 3 on the similarities between the beast and the Dragon.
[58] Daniel 2:33, the toes of the statue, Daniel 7:7.
[59] Daniel 2:44
[60] Revelation 17:12
[61] Revelation 17:16
[62] Revelation 17:14
[63] Ezra 7:12
[64] Ezekiel 26:7 and Daniel 2:37.
[65] Deuteronomy 10:12, Psalm 136:3
[66] 1 Timothy 6:15, Revelation 17:14, Revelation 19:16
[67] This is without dispute, since Paul goes on to say that no one has seen or can see him.
[68] Daniel 7:8
[69] 2 Esdras 3:1. This part of 2 Esdras is contemporary with Revelation.
[2] See Appendix 3 “The Beasts of Revelation”
[3] Revelation 17:15
[4] This is another place where the symbolism concerning the Antichrist can be difficult and confusing. We are told that the Beast ridden by the Great Prostitute is also a “king”, indeed the head of the final Beast empire. So, in this sense the Beast from the Sea in Chapter 13 and the mount of the Prostitute are the same thing, the Antichrist. But while the Beast from the Sea is only the Antichrist, the mount of the Prostitute is the Antichrist as “one of” the Beast empires that preceded him, in other words as seen in the context of history.
[5] Revelation 4:1
[6] Revelation 21:9
[7] Revelation 19:7-8
[8] e.g. Leviticus 17:7, 20:4-5, Jeremiah 3:9, Hosea 4:12. See especially Ezekiel 16 and 23.
[9] Ezekiel 16:28-29
[10] Deuteronomy 23:17, 1 Kings 14:24
[11] Revelation 14:6-13
[12] Revelation 17:18
[13] Revelation 17:4
[14] See, for example, Matthew 19:9 where “porneia” is the grounds for divorce and any other grounds is “moichao” (variant of “moicheia”).
[15] This is not to say there won’t be apostate churches in the last days. See for example 1 Timothy 4:1.
[16] Revelation 12:3
[17] Proverbs 21:31
[18] Exodus 26:1
[19] Isaiah 1:18
[20] James 2:6
[21] Metaphorically referring to Idolatry or idolatrous.
[22] Revelation 16:19
[23] Revelation 16:19
[24] Revelation 18:3
[25] Revelation 17:7
[26] Mathew 13:21 where “secrets” translates the Greek “musterion”, the word translated here as “mystery”.
[27] Colossians 2:2
[28] Romans 16:25, 1 Corinthians 2:7
[29] 1 Corinthians 15:51
[30] Ephesians 1:9
[31] Ephesians 3:6
[32] 1 Thessalonians 2:7 (secret translates “musterion”).
[33] “βδέλυγμα”.
[34] Luke 16:15, Revelation21:27
[35] Matthew 24:15
[36] “shiqquts”, the Hebrew word translated abomination, nearly always refers to idols in the OT. This makes it likely that the “abomination that causes desolation” will be an idol. It is curious to note that practically the only place where “shiqquts” does not refer to idols is in Nahum’s lengthy prophecy concerning Nineveh, where it means “filth” (Nahum 3:6). The Prostitute’s cup is variously said to contain abominations and filth.
[37] Daniel 9:27
[38] Revelation 18:4
[39] Revelation 13:1
[40] “Kai” is the Greek word used by the SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT)
[41] The definition of holy “set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred” Strong’s Greek Lexicon.
[42] Revelation 13:18
[43] Revelation 17:12
[44] This probably says better than anything else what all this means. The beast is itself a king (or empire) while its own seven heads are seven more kings.
[45] Revelation 19:20
[46] Daniel 2:31-45
[47] Daniel 2:34
[48] Daniel 11:4
[49] His name means God made manifest.
[50] Revelation 17:8
[51] Daniel 2:40-45
[52] Daniel 7:4
[53] Daniel 7:5
[54] Daniel 7:6
[55] Revelation 17:12
[56] For a more complete description of the Beasts reference Appendix 3: The Beasts of Revelation.
[57] Revelation 13:1. See also Appendix 3 on the similarities between the beast and the Dragon.
[58] Daniel 2:33, the toes of the statue, Daniel 7:7.
[59] Daniel 2:44
[60] Revelation 17:12
[61] Revelation 17:16
[62] Revelation 17:14
[63] Ezra 7:12
[64] Ezekiel 26:7 and Daniel 2:37.
[65] Deuteronomy 10:12, Psalm 136:3
[66] 1 Timothy 6:15, Revelation 17:14, Revelation 19:16
[67] This is without dispute, since Paul goes on to say that no one has seen or can see him.
[68] Daniel 7:8
[69] 2 Esdras 3:1. This part of 2 Esdras is contemporary with Revelation.
